What are you looking for? Let’s review and compare the top best professional ring light 2024 to find what will work well with your needs.
We all want the best for our money, but how do you know what a good fit is without research? When looking into buying something that will likely be an investment and part of your everyday life – like professional ring light, it makes sense to spend some time getting educated on where exactly this product falls within its market space.
We have compiled 45399 reviews from top experts that led us to these 20 devices on the list.
The Best Professional Ring Light Deals This Week:
- Please note: 1. The light stand is packed in a separate box inside the big package box (under the ring light box at the extreme bottom of the box)as shown in the 2nd picture. If you can't find it, please contact seller customer service; 2. Instructions for unfolding the stand are in the 8th picture. The legs are upwards, so please unfold the legs upside down
- Kit includes: (1)18"/45cm Outer 55W 5600K LED Ring Light+(1)61"/155cm Light Stand+(1)Soft Tube+(1)White and Orange Color Filter Set+(1)Ball Head Hot Shoe Adapter+(1)Universal Power Adapter with Plug+(1)Smart Phone Holder+(1)Carrying Bag for Ring Light
- Dimmable 18"/45cm Outer 55W 5600K 240 Pieces LED bulbs with a wide dimming range from 1%-100%. Special LED SMD design, lightweight and portable. No ultraviolet and infrared light radiation, low heat output, safety, and environmental protection
- 61"/155cm light stand is constructed from aluminum alloy, giving it exceptional strength; The soft tube makes the light rotate freely for the best position. White and orange color filters are made of high light transmission plastic material with steady color temperature. The light stand is the most stable when the center joint of the legs is 4-8in (10-20cm) from the ground. Please note that raising the legs too high may cause the light stand to fall and damage the ring light.
- A cold shoe ball head adapter is included for most DSLR cameras and a smartphone holder for most smartphones (compatible with iPhone 15 Pro Max 15 Plus 14 Pro 13 Mini 12 11 Samsung Galaxy S23 S22 Ultra Huawei P60 Mate60 Google Pixel 7 Pro, etc. camera and smartphone not included) Perfect studio lighting for video recording for estheticians, barbers, eyelash extensions tattoos makeup artists YouTubers, TikTok content creators, live streaming, selfie
- 【Large Full Screen Tech】：Ring Light with stand built on new upgraded technology, low power consumption and higher brightness, full-screen could cover a wider range, be more uniform, and not dazzling. Higher brightness with low wattage, completely surpassing all ring light 18 inch. It is better to use and more professional than 18 inch ring light.
- 【Stepless Dimming】Up to 6500K LED big ring light with stand, wide dimming range from 1%-100%, 3 colors modes without change the color filter, optional any brightness. adopts edge-lit light tech, makes your skin look natural and shaping three-dimensional facial features, CRI>95. No ultraviolet and infrared light radiation, low heat output, safety, and environmental protection.
- 【Stable Circular Base】The stability of the circular base is more than 10 X that of a tripod, don't worry about it topple and fall anymore. No longer need to consider the center of gravity, stable at any height. lightweight and portable. The base is heavy and strong.
- 【Stretching professional Stand】Large ring light with stand upgraded aluminum alloy tripod is easy to operate, and can be easily scaled and pulled up, bidding farewell to the complex knob tripod. The telescopic pole up to max 64".
- 【Holder Compatibility】Compatible with all phone, compatible with iPhone 15 Pro Max 15 Plus 14 Pro 13 Mini 12 11 Samsung Galaxy S23 S22 Ultra Huawei P60 Mate60 Google Pixel 7 Pro, etc.
- 【More Beautiful & Clear】Light and shadow are essential for excellent photo and video shooting.Using larger ring light makes your eyes more charming, like the eyes of angels.It makes more natural and clear when making videos or recording meeting.It can be used in YouTube、Facebook Live、online-meeting、TikTok、video-making and Vlog.
- 【Adjustable Brightness & Colour Temperature】The 22 inch ring light brightness is adjusted from 1% to 100% to suit the need of surroundings. Eye friendly lights increase your comfortable level. Adjustable color temperature: Yellow-Warm-White (2600k-4500k-6500k), the best color requirement can be adjusted according to different scenes.
- 【Remote Control & Selfie】 In order for the best light filling effect, our ring light equipment comes with remote controller and bluetooth remote control CH-3 with a maximum range of 5 meters[16.4 feet]. This will ensure you to have the best pictures and videos with the most suitable distance and brightness.The big ring light also comes with 2 USB charging ports, customized for your long live broadcasts.
- 【High-quality 75-inch[190cm] Tripod】For the stability of 22-inches[56cm] ring light, we equipped a tripod with maximum load bearing of 18lbs[8kg]. The working range of the tripod is from the minimum of 27-inches[69cm] all the way to the maximum of 75-inches[190cm]. The tripod is most suitable for ring light, cellphone and camera.
- 【Package & Service】 22-inch[56cm] LED Ring Light*1, 75-inch[190cm] Tripod*1, Phone Clip*1, Hot Shoe Adapter*1, Ring Light Remote Controller*1, Bluetooth remote control CH-3*1, Ring Light Storage Bag*1, Soft Phone Clip*3, Instruction Manual*1, --7*24 Customer Service, Please contact us anytime if you have any questions.
- 【Full-Screen Big Ring Light】-TODI ring light with stand is designed with upgraded round shape panel with a larger & brighter light-emitting surface, beyond the ring lights on the market. And ring light head can be 180° adjustable to Add brilliance to your live broadcast and the fill-light effect is obvious
- 【NEWEST Flexible & Sturdy Stand】-Unique hexagon aluminum alloy pole selfie ring light with stand, can be adjustable extending from 35" to 78.74" (Stand to Light Head), to meet your various height needs. And the video light design with a ROUND BASE to save space, sturdy and stable to lighting
- 【More Brighter & More Professional】-With DC adapter power supply large ring light, Maximum illumination of 8700Lux at 0.3m, 2300Lm, brightening lighting is essential for professional photo and video shooting, brightness the same as ring light 18 inch, so this ring light with stand and phone holder for iphone is your best choice
- 【Selfie Controller & Wireless Remote】-Our light ring with stand is equipped with 2 controller: wireless remote and Dimming remote control( Bright enough, color temperature ranging from 2700K to 6500K, 10%-100% brightness adjustable), selfie ring light with stand easy to one-click to shoot
- 【Flexible Phone Holder】-Ring light phone holder can 360° rotation, fit for 2.49 to 3.74 inches phones, phone stand with light for iPhone Mini/ Pro/ Pro Max / Galaxy Ultra / Google Pixel and more, ringlight stand with phone holder so you can easily shoot photos and videos from any angle
- 【18 inch Large Ring Light】Special LED SMD design give off great light (ranging from 2900K to 6500K color temperature without change the color filter, 10%-100% brightness adjustable), bright enough, perfect for portraits, vlog, livestream and selfie. Equipped with 100-240V global voltage.
- 【Flexible & Sturdy Tripod Stand】The ring light tripod is made of aluminum alloy construction for stabilizing the makeup ring light. Adjustable height ranges from 22.8 inches to 69.7 inches; Pretty stable 3-leg stage design and solid locking system keeps all your stuff in safe, when you use them please put the three legs down.
- 【IR Remote】- Super user friendly! The Ring Lights are controlled via the IR remote controller from up to 2.5 metres away (98”) with our IR Remote!
- 【3 Hot Shoe Ports & 2 USB Charging Port】If you need to shooting with more cellphones or camera, this is your best choice; 3 hot shoe ports allow you mount 3 phones or 2 phone& 1 small cameras at the same time. Also it comes with 2 USB charging ports for your smart phone charging while livestream.
- 【What You Will Get】1 x 18 inch LED Ring Light, 1 x Ring Light Stand, 2 x Adjustable Phone Holder, 1 xTripod Head , 1 x Phone/Camera Holder, 1 xBluetooth Shutter, 1 x IR Remote Control, 1 x Power Cord, 1 x Carry Bag, 1 x User Manual. 18-Month warranty for refund or replacement.
- 【MULTIPLE COLOR TEMPERATURE & ADJUSTABLE BRIGHTNESS】Provide 3 Color temperatures (2800K, 4800K & 6500K)to create various lighting atmosphere; This Upgraded Studio Light which is equipped with 352 Led beads to make the light more ample and avoid unnecessary shadows. Features a high CRI of 97+ for precise color rendering. Adjust the brightness in a range of 10 to 100% with button up and down on remote to meet different photography circumstances, offering extra lighting for your works.
- 【LIGHT PANEL & POWER CABLE】Extended LED light panel with compact design allows you to carry around conveniently with our durable storage bag. Extended light panel provide a larger area of light which will be more softer. Ideal USB port for powering the device with 5V, 2A Dc wall charger or power bank. Comes with USB-C adapter that allows you to power the device with cell phone or laptop. It doesn't require any stand-alone charger or extra batteries which saves time when preparing for shooting.
- 【HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE TRIPOD】The tripod of the video light adopts durable but lightweight aluminum with powder sprayed layer, looks chic and classic. The light stand can be raised up to 61”. Folded size 17", perfect to store and carry. Adjust the height flexibly with 3 screw knobs loosen and tighten. Attach and detach the light panel easily with the 1/4" threads on the top of the tripod. Loosen the screw on side to rotate the light panel angle in range of 180°, tighten it when get suitable angle.
- 【WIDE APPLICATION】Essential equipment for Photo Studio, Video Recording, Photography, Low Angle Close Shooting, Portrait, Live Stream, Vlogging taking, Youtube Podcast Applications. Light weight and durable design allow you to carry around conveniently and move easily.
- 【Package List & Customer Service】There will be 2 LED studio light panels with cable. adjustable tripod stand for each light panel, 1 user manual, 1 storage bag, 2 USB-C adapters. We offer 1 year warranty, if there is any problem, please feel free to let us know.
- Please note: JJ JIANJIN brand 18 INCH RING LIGHT Use engineering plastic suitcase (multifunctional portable suitcase can hold all the accessories, including the stand, please open the box according to the Operation steps above the box). After our test, you need to use 2 lights at the same time, the light distribution can be more uniform, and you can make perfect pictures and videos. We have black and pink lights for you to choose from.
- Kit includes:(1)18 "/Outer 11.8"/Inner 55W 2600K-6700K(without change the color filter,) 416PCS high performance LED LIGHT.(2)63inch/160cm the stand. (3) Hot Shoe Adapter.(4)90 degree rotating mobile phone clip (clamping distance 1.75"-3.25inch).(5)2.4G remote controller (battery required).(6) remote shutter (7) multifunctional suitcase.(8)User Manual.
- Advantages of lighting and Operation:(1)for uniform distribution of light. We use the color rendering index CRI>90,416PCS LED LIGHT, the lamp panel width is 2.6inch/66CM.(2)2.4g remote controller, which can control the LIGHT intensity (with a wide dimming range from 1%-100%) and 2600K-6700K at a distance of 10m. (3)USB charging port can charge your mobile phone. (4) In order to install your mobile phone and camera, our lamp board can rotate 360 degrees.
- Advantages of multifunctional portable suitcase:(1) it can hold all accessories, including the stand. (2)Please hang the suitcase on the tripod to lower the center of gravity of the stand and increase the stability of the the stand.
- JJ JIANJIN considerate service of the brand: after JJ JIANJIN professional tests, the brightness and usage scheme of 18 INCH can meet the needs of most customers, so we only manufacture 18 INCH RING LIGHT, and we provide 18-Month warranty for refund or replacement.We are launching an upgraded 18 inch RIGN LIGHT.
- Ring light with stand: Our light ring has brightness and color temperature adjustment functions, and 416 SMD LEDs emit excellent light. Brightness from 0% to 100%; color temperature adjustable from 3000K-6000K. to meet your various needs. It has a highly responsive touchpad to control the lights. More convenient and longer life than traditional mechanical buttons.
- Wireless remote control and Selfie remote control: You can directly use the wireless Selfie Bluetooth controller to take pictures. Wireless remote control provides convenient brightness and color temperature settings, channel/group selection, and reliable, accurate real-time control of dimming parameters.
- Foldable and Sturdy Tripod: The light ring tripod is made of aluminum alloy and is sturdy and durable. Comes with a foldable floor stand, very portable, when folded - 15.4 inches long, fully extended - 56 inches, and finally connected with the light ring - about 71 inches, enough to meet your different needs. Its compact design ensures easy portability.
- WITH USB PORT & VERSATILITY: It is compatible with devices that support USB ports and also comes with a USB charging port (5V 2A) to charge your smartphone while live streaming. It's perfect for makeup, photography, live streaming, vlogging and selfies and can even be used as a fill light, floor lamp or zoom light.
- Package includes: 1* ring light body, 1* adapter, 1* carrying bag, 1* instruction manual, 1* hose clamp, 1* remote control，1*Bluetooth remote control.Note: Do not place the photography light in a place with high temperature or high humidity. Do not immerse product in water or expose to rain.
- [✔ Innovative and Practical Ring Light] -The latest 2024 version of Evershop floor stand ring light features a new design concept that combines the advantages of traditional ring light with stand and overhead ring light. This unique ring light combines durability and stability and it's unrestricted by any space or scene. You can use this ring light in the kitchen, living room, bedroom, studio and more. It's incredibly user-friendly and convenient.
- [✔ Super Flexible & Shoot at Any Angle] -Compared with traditional overhead ring light, Evershop overhead ring light tripod for iphone offers a wider shooting range. The overhead phone mount with light allows for quick adjustments to any angle in just 1 second, easier to record the whole process of shooting videos, content creation, etc. (❤❤❤ Our LED ring light comes with a bluetooth remote control, allowing you to easily control your phone to take photos without moving around)
- [✔ Upgraded Sturdy Base and Sufficient Height] -Evershop phone tripod stand with ring light is made of alloy material, durable and long-lasting, 4mm thickened solid base provides more stable and reliable support, providing you with double protection during video and photo shooting. Additionally, compared to other ring light on the market, this overhead ring light tripod reaches a maximum height of 70.8 inches, meeting the height requirements for almost all usage scenario!
- [✔ Best Photography Selfie Light] -The Evershop ring light phone holder features a reinforced light head for enhanced stability in shooting. The ring light with stand offers 3 standard lighting modes (warm light/natural light/cool light), each with 10 brightness levels, providing a total of 30 options to meet all your needs in different situations. Note: USB powered. We recommend using a 10W or higher plug (not included) to achieve higher brightness.
- [✔ Sturdy and Multi-functional] -The clamp head is a universal 1/4 thread, which can support your mobile phone, ring light, webcam，pocket camera, action camera (NOT suitable for heavy cameras or equipment). Therefore, the overhead camera mount with ring light can also be used as a phone holder/webcam holder/desk lamp. It's a must-have video equipment for YouTubers, TikTokers, and content creators.
- 【Premium 50W LED Ring Light】 It is an 18" LED ring light for makeup tutorials, online meetings, live streams, and YouTube/TikTok videos. With 240 premium LEDs, it offers 50W power, 5500lux/0.5m illuminance, CRI 95+ for faith color reproduction, and a 1–100% dimming range. The circular illumination can make the eyes sparkle and your face glow while minimizing shadows
- 【Height Adjustable Light Stand】 With a telescopic construction, the light stand can extend from 19" to 59" (48 to 150cm) and fold flat for ease of storage and transport. A bendable soft tube lets you point the ring light in any desired direction
- 【Easily Shoot with Smartphone】 Compatible with iPhone 14 Pro Max Galaxy S23 Ultra Pixel 7 Pro and other models, the phone holder allows you to take photos or live stream on your phone more conveniently. You can rotate the phone 360° with the ball head adapter and use the remote shutter to take selfies without even reaching your arm to the screen
- 【Get Warm/Cool Lighting Colors】 Gel filters help you get two color temperatures and diffuse the harsh light source. The white filters maintain the original 5500K (±200K) cool daylight, and the orange filters create a warm color similar to old tungsten lights
- 【What's Inside the Box】 1 x Ring Light, 1 x Light Stand, 1 x Soft Tube, 1 x Remote Shutter, 1 x Ball Head, 1 x Phone Holder, 4 x White Filter, 4 x Orange Filter, 1 x Power Adapter, 1 x Power Cable (US Plug), 1 x Carrying Bag
How We Test Professional Ring Light?
We test professional ring light by using it for a scene. Then we review the footage to see how it looks and feels. We also consider how easy or difficult it is to use professional ring light. We want to make sure that the gear we recommend is high quality and will help you make great films. So far, we’ve tested cameras, lenses, tripods, stabilizers, gimbals, audio equipment, etc. We’re always testing new gear and updating our reviews to help you find the best professional ring light for your needs.
The Role Of Technology Gear In Filmmaking
There is no definitive answer to this question. Technology has both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to filmmaking. On the one hand, technological advances have made it possible to create increasingly complex and stunning visual effects. On the other hand, technology can also be a hindrance to filmmakers, as it can be difficult to control and often expensive. Ultimately, it is up to the individual filmmaker to decide how to use technology in their work. Some directors embrace new technologies wholeheartedly, while others prefer to keep things more old-fashioned. There is no right or wrong answer – it all comes down to personal preference.
Some of the advantages of using technology in filmmaking include:
- Increased control over the final product: Technology allows filmmakers more control over their work, as they can now create exactly the effect they are looking for.
- Greater flexibility: Technology also gives filmmakers greater flexibility in shooting and editing their films. They can now experiment with different techniques and methods without worrying about the cost or the time involved.
- Improved quality: Technology has also led to an improvement in the overall quality of films. With more sophisticated equipment and software, filmmakers can now create better-looking and sounding films.
- Increased audience engagement: Technology can also help to engage audiences more with films. For example, interactive features such as virtual reality can immerse viewers in the film world and make them feel more connected to the characters and story.
Some of the disadvantages of using technology in filmmaking include:
- Cost: One of the biggest disadvantages of using technology in filmmaking is the cost. New equipment and software can be very expensive and often need to be updated regularly.
- Time-consuming: Technology can also be time-consuming, as filmmakers often need to spend hours learning how to use new software or equipment.
- Difficult to control: Another downside of technology is that it can be difficult to control. This is especially true of complex visual effects, which can often go wrong if they are not managed correctly.
- Can be disruptive: Technology can also be disruptive on set, as it can sometimes be difficult to keep track of all the elements that need to be managed.
There are a number of benefits to using professional ring light, whether it is for amateur or professional use. professional ring light will bring you some of the top benefits. Of course, it is important to remember that you don’t need the most expensive gear to produce good results – it is more important to know how to use what you have to its fullest potential. Nevertheless, if you can afford it, investing in some quality gear will definitely pay off in the long run.
About High-Tech Equipment- Things Should You Know Before Purchase Professional Ring Light
As technology continues to evolve, filmmakers are able to create more innovative and intricate films. Some of the latest high-tech equipment for filmmaking includes autonomous drones, 4k+3D technology, and smartphone filmmaking gear. These tools allow filmmakers to create more dynamic and realistic films that engage the audience on a whole new level. Some of the essentials of a high-tech device include a powerful processor, plenty of storage, and a reliable battery. Make sure to choose a device that meets your needs and can help you be productive.
Processor
A processor is the brain of a high-tech device. It handles all of the instructions that tell the device what to do. A powerful processor can make a big difference in how well a device performs. Choose a fast and efficient processor to get the most out of your device.
Storage
High-tech devices come with a lot of storage. This is important because it allows you to keep all of your files and data in one place. Make sure to choose a device with plenty of storage so you can keep everything you need on hand.
Smart
Be sure to research the features of each device before making your decision. Each device may offer different features, so you’ll need to decide which ones are most important to you.
When researching high-tech devices, be sure to pay attention to the features each one offers. For example:
- Can your professional ring light connect Bluetooth with other devices?
- professional ring light is compatible with the other devices and software you use?
- Does the professional ring light have timer functions, automatic control, 360-degree rotation, and self-turn when encountering obstacles?
- Does the professional ring light have built-in functions of identification, zooming in and out?
- Does the professional ring light have proCam, indicator light?
- And finally, does the professional ring light save you time and produce a better quality product?
Battery
A battery is an essential part of a high-tech device. It provides the power that keeps the device running. Choose a reliable and long-lasting battery to ensure your device is always ready to go.
Durability
It’s important to consider the durability of a high-tech device before making your purchase. Some devices may be more fragile than others, so you’ll want to make sure you’re getting a product that will last. Be sure to read reviews from other consumers to get an idea of the device’s durability.
These are just a few of the essentials of a high-tech device. Make sure to choose a device that has all of the features you need to be productive. A high-tech device can be a valuable tool that can help you achieve your goals. Choose a device that meets your needs and can help you be productive.
What Are The Criteria For The Selection Of A Professional Ring Light?
There are a number of factors that we consider when selecting a professional ring light. One of the most important criteria is how well the product performs in tests, while others are selected based on how they perform in real-world scenarios. We also look at the price of the product, as well as its availability. Another important factor is whether the professional ring light is environmentally friendly. We select products that meet our high standards for quality and performance.
Testing is important to ensure that products work as intended. In order to test these products, we use a variety of methods. One method is to test the product in a simulated environment. For example, we might test a product’s ability to withstand high temperatures by using it in a sauna. We might also test its ability to resist water damage by taking it out in the rain, etc.
How To Choose The Best Professional Ring Light?
When choosing the best professional ring light, it is important to look at a variety of factors. The most important criteria are how well the product performs in tests and how environmentally friendly it is. Other important factors include the price and availability of the product. Other important factors include the price and availability of the product. You should also consider whether the product is durable and easy to use. When looking at all of these factors, you can make the best decision for your needs.
- Consider feature and performance of professional ring light
- Consider about price, especially if it’s a luxury item
- Consider whether it’s readily available or needs to be special ordered
- Check out the professional ring light reviews
- Is a professional ring light necessary?
- What can you use instead of a professional ring light?
- Is the professional ring light environmentally friendly?
- Brand Repute
- Personal Preferences
- Resale
The best professional ring light for you is the one that meets your needs and fits your budget. Consider all the factors before making a decision to ensure you are getting the best product for your needs.
It’s a great idea to consider other people when buying something because it can save you money and help you avoid wasting your hard-earned cash on an item that doesn’t work. Before making any purchases, always ask yourself these questions: “What will this decision cost me?” or “How much time does this purchase need from my life”? You should also consult those close by – friends who have similar tastes as yours may provide insight into whether they would want something too.
Should You Buy Professional Ring Light Online Or in A Physical Store?
There are a number of reasons you should buy professional ring light on the e-commerce market. Some of the benefits include:
-A wide selection of professional ring light to choose from
-Easy returns and refunds
-Fast, free shipping on many items
-Access to Prime memberships
-Save your time
It offers a wide selection of professional ring light, which means you can find what you’re looking for. The return process is easy, and you can get a refund if you’re unsatisfied with a product. Shipping is fast and free on many items, and you can also access Prime memberships. All of these factors make the e-commerce market a great place to shop.
When buying a product at a physical store, you can often get help from a salesperson if you have questions or need assistance. You can also see the product in person before making a purchase.
7 Tips For Buying Professional Ring Light Online Safely
The holidays are just around the corner, and with them come traditional headaches on how to buy the best professional ring light. Shops filled with endless queues or a lack of time can make it difficult to find affordable ones that will be useful enough! Luckily there’s an easier way – shopping online, where you get access 24/7 without having to go out.
Do Your Research
Before you make a purchase online, be sure to do your research and read reviews to learn about the product and the seller. Only buy from reputable websites that you trust.
Use a Credit Card
When making a purchase online, use a credit card instead of a debit card. This way, you can dispute any unauthorized charges made to your card.
Beware of Fake Websites
When you are on a website you are about to purchase from, be sure to look at the URL. If it starts with https://, this means the site is secure, and your information will be encrypted.
Check the Seller’s Rating and Reviews
Before buying professional ring light, be sure to check the seller’s rating and read reviews to learn about their products and service. Only buy from sellers with high ratings and positive reviews.
Make Sure the Site Uses Encryption Technology
When purchasing online, only buy from websites that use encryption technology. This will ensure that your information is safe and secure.
Read the Terms and Conditions Before You Buy
Before making a purchase, be sure to read the terms and conditions of the website. This will help you understand the seller’s return policy and any other policies that may apply to your purchase.
Keep your Computer Protected with Anti-virus Software
Make sure to keep your computer protected with anti-virus software to help prevent any malware or viruses from infecting your system.
The convenience here is amazing because now anyone who needs something quick anytime, anywhere has easy accessibility while still being able to compare prices from different websites. You can get the best professional ring light much simpler than ever before!
Bottom Line about Professional Ring Light
When you purchase professional ring light, it’s important to consider whether or not the item will actually serve its purpose. Sometimes we may think that an acquisition is necessary when really there are other options available at a lower cost, which would suffice just as well with no loss in value–reviewing these alternatives beforehand can help avoid wasting money on unnecessary purchases later down the line.
You won’t want to miss out on this! Visit us now and find the perfect product for your needs.