What are you looking for? Let’s review and compare the top best bird dog camera 2024 to find what will work well with your needs.
We all want the best for our money, but how do you know what a good fit is without research? When looking into buying something that will likely be an investment and part of your everyday life – like bird dog camera, it makes sense to spend some time getting educated on where exactly this product falls within its market space.
We have compiled 83935 reviews from top experts that led us to these 20 devices on the list.
The Best Bird Dog Camera Deals This Week
- Bird Watching Anytime, Anywhere - 2024 latest upgraded version of the smart bird feeder with camera can automatically capture bird videos and motion detection, record videos of birds entering the detection area, and can identify more than 11,000 bird species,the arrival messages of these feather visitors will be instantly notified to you through the mobile app.You can watch the birds' visits, feeding and other precious moments in real time and share this with your family or other birds lovers.
- Stable 1080P Full-Color Night Vision - Lollyes smart bird feeder with camera adopts upgraded configuration,equipped with 180° ultra-wide-view lens and 1080P high-resolution pixels, color night vision function allows you to get images and videos with the best colors even at night, built-in 4x digital zoom allows you to easily capture feather details. The bird feeder supports a more stable 2.4GHz Wi-Fi connection with the help of 5dBi antenna,you never have to worry about missing the birds moment.
- Bird-Friendly Design - IP65 weatherproof and sturdy bracket make this bird feeder with camera a sturdy house for bird friends. The 1.5L large-capacity feeder can store enough food, you don't have to worry about insufficient food. The appearance adopts tree grain design, which is closer to the natural living environment of birds, and can help attract more birds to stay. Built-in MIC and speaker, support two-way intercom, while hearing the sound of birds, you can also drive away squirrels.
- Super Value Experience - This bird house camera has a large-capacity battery of 6400mAh and a 7W high-power solar panel,you don't need to worry about the bird camera needing to be frequently taken out and charged due to multiple people using it or frequent wake-ups, which greatly improves the user experience. In addition, we also provide a 64GB SD card (maximum support 128G micro SD card, not included) and a one-month free trial of cloud storage function,you can store precious moments of birds.
- Ideal Choice for Present - Lollyes smart bird feeder with camera combines practicality and ornamental value, and is an ideal choice for parents, spouses, children and bird watching enthusiasts. No one will dislike such an unconventional and thoughtful present.Great present choice for Father's Day, Mother's Day, Thanksgiving, and other big days.It is a happy and pleasant thing to have someone share the beautiful and lovely moments of birds with you.
- 🦜【Watch Birds On Phone Anywhere Anytime 】PeckCam smart bird feeder auto-detects all coming birds and sends real-time notifications via App. You will never miss any feather friends! Watch real time bird feeding on App and take photos and videos you like. You also could share bird camera with family and friends on other states or countries. Let's enjoy backyard birding & wildlife
- 🦜【See Birds Clearly 1080P, 8-in-1 Perch】With 1080P High resolution, this bird feeder camera allows you to get the best shots of images and video in color even at night. You can see birds clearly with up-close details with 8X magnification such as their feathers. You could also add 6 fruit fork and 1 jelly box to upgrade feeder and attract more types of birds, like orange oriole
- 🔋【Non-Stop Outdoor Solar Charging】PeckCam solar bird feeder has built-in rechargeable battery and solar panel, keep your bird feeder camera working long days in your backyard, no need to take down for charging. IP65 waterproof for all weather and seasons
- 🦜【AI recognition & Store Photos Videos】 This bird camera comes with lifetime free could storage (0.5GB 3-day loop) and supports TF card up to 128GB (not included). Professional cloud service is 30-day free trial and requires subscription, including 3-10 GB store, intelligent notification, activity zone setting and AI identification (10000+ species). Provides a wealth of hummingbird knowledge to you and your kids
- 🎁【Ideal Gift for Bird Lovers】Ideal gift for parents, friends, children, elderly and any bird lovers, suitable for birthday, Christmas, Mother's Day, Fathers's Day, Valentine, etc. It will strengthen your family's bond, bring so much fun of bird watching together, and also increase communication with your family. We promise 7/24 customer support and a full year w-a-r-ranty
- 【Up-Close Live View Bird Watching & Listening】FLOMILAMD bird feeder camera FL006 features a 2K high-resolution bird camera with a 160° wide-angle view, allowing you to observe birds up close with clear, vivid details.With FLOMILAMD's camera bird feeder, you can not only see but also hear bird’s sound and witness their personalities through the 2-way audio feature, bringing peace and relaxation to your doorstep.
- 【Automatic Bird Video Record &Instant APP Notification】FLOMILAMD smart bird feeder with camera auto capture videos when detect birds coming, and instant notify you of new feathered buddys through Vicohome APP on your phone. It won't miss any feathered friends.This camera bird feeders for outside will record the birds videos and store in the Cloud for up to 3 days loop recording, and you can extend it by subscription or store them in the equipped 32G memory card (support up to 128G)
- 【Smart AI Identify 10000+ Bird Species】FLOMILAMD bird camera feeder’s advanced AI algorithm, capable of identifying over 10,000 bird species, be your guide to the avian world.Explore detailed species information on the Vicohome App and embark on an educational journey suitable for all ages. With features like siren, spotlight, and two-way audio, you can even deter unwanted guests while fostering a deeper connection with nature. (Basic Cloud service subscription $4.99/mth required for AI service)
- 【2.4GHZ WIFI Connection &Solar Charging 】FLOMILAMD bird feeder with camera solar powered only work on 2.4ghz Wi-Fi with a enhanced 5dB antenna,you will never worry about signal loss. Also this bird camera feeder motion activated equipped a pack of 5000mAh rechargeable battery and an ETFE high efficiency solar panel for providing constant power,even in Low-Light condition,you won't miss any lovely moments of bird activity. (This bird watching camera does not compatible with 5G Wi-Fi).
- 【Built to Last, Gifted with Love】FLOMILAMD bird feeders for outdoors with camera is made of thick plastic and sturdy construction which can work in 14F° ~113F°,IP65 weather proof.With easy installation and all-inclusive accessories, this bird feeder with camera wireless outdoor is the perfect addition to your backyard, patio, or garden. Share birds moments with loved ones,creating cherished memories for years to come.It’s a perfect way to show love & care for children, partners, and the elderly.
- Enhanced Bird Watching: Say goodbye to binoculars! Our bird feeder with camera brings birdwatching excitement directly to your phone. Effortlessly capture and record every feathered visitor with instant notifications for an immersive experience.
- Innovative Technology: Our bird feeder camera offers clear 1080P resolution, night vision, and an ultra-wide angle for crystal-clear images, even in low light. With swift 0.5s detection time and AI Recognition, attract more feathered friends to your backyard.
- Premium Craftsmanship: Crafted from premium wood, our bird feeder with camera offers superior longevity and aesthetic appeal, enhancing any space. Environmentally friendly and recyclable, it promotes sustainability. Easy mounting options and a lifetime guarantee make it the perfect gift for bird lovers.
- Multi-Device Sharing: Enjoy storage of bird videos with cloud and share the joy of birdwatching with family and friends. Support for multiplayer sharing allows simultaneous online viewing on multiple devices, making it an ideal gift for any occasion.
- Seamless Connectivity: Connect your smart bird feeder to your smartphone or tablet via Wi-Fi for easy access to live footage and alerts on the go. Supports 2.4GHz Wi-Fi connections Only.
- 🐦⬛𝐌𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐝𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐭: Are you frustrated by not being able to see the birds in your backyard? Or tired of taking your binoculars out to search for birds? HIXX HiFREE Smart Bird Camera will revolutionize your birdwatching experience. Equipped with advanced motion sensors and a 3MP HD camera, whenever birds visit, Coolfly App instantly notifies you, allowing you to watch these beautiful bird scenes in real-time through your phone, as if you were right there.
- 📱𝐀𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞: HIXX HiFREE Smart Bird Feeder Camera uses advanced AI to recognize over 10,000 bird species through the Coolfly App's cloud database (First Month Free Trial - Cloud Services). With a 2.4GHz Wi-Fi connection, the camera not only notifies you when rare wild birds visit but also provides detailed information about their habitats and dietary preferences. Enjoy watching these beautiful creatures and learn about their ecological behaviors in real-time.
- 🎖️𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐍𝐁𝐋?It's Download Now, Buy Later! As a backyard bird enthusiast, choosing the right feeder for your yard can be overwhelming. Compare prices? Look at designs? Pick colors? Maybe none of that! Why not download the birdwatching App first, try it out, and decide later? The HIXX Smart Bird Feeder, powered by Coolfly Birding App, makes backyard birdwatching a true joy. Download now and start your experience!
- 🏡𝟑𝟔𝟎𝐨 𝐀𝐝𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐌𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭: HIXX HiFREE smart birdwatching camera comes with a sturdy iron base and an adjustable hose clamp, making it easy to find the perfect angle to watch hummingbirds, robins, cardinals, blue jays, and more. You can even capture precious moments like bird bathing and nesting. The camera includes detailed installation instructions and offers multiple mounting options, including wall, pole, and post mounts, so you can place it anywhere in your backyard.
- 🎞️𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢-𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠: Invite your family and friends to enjoy birdwatching together! HIXX smart birdwatching camera with supports multiple users watching online. Just scan the QR code you share to join the fun. The bird camera auto-records bird videos and uploads them to the cloud, while also support a 128GB SD card (no included), and can store over 30,000 ten-second bird videos. Share these fascinating videos on social media to showcase the "little stars" of your backyard!
- 🐦【Smart Bird Feeder & Bird Watching Camera 2in1】This Smart Bird Feeder Camera is with a 2L large capacity bird seed container. The 2L container can store ample bird food to reduce the frequence of refilling, ensuring a reliable food source for more feathered visitors and elevating your bird-watching experience.
- 🦜【2K HD Camera & Night Vision】Dokoo Bird-watching Camera is able to auto-capture optimal 4MP image and video and providing high-quality visuals always. Even at night, it maintains rich image details and subtle colors. 180° Ultra-Wide Angle can capture richest details and accommodates diverse needs, you can never miss a moment of bird activity.
- 🦅【12,000+ Bird AI Recognition】Dokoo Smart Birdfeeder with Camera adopts the cutting-edge AI technology identifies various bird species in real-time. Receive instant notifications and detailed information about your avian guests directly to your smart phone. Easy connect to the feeder with the app for convenient bird watching & video sharing anytime, anywhere.
- 🌿【IP66 Weatherproof, Solar Powered】Built to withstand the outdoor elements, the Hummingbird Feeder with Camera features a durable, IP66 weather-resistant construction to keep it working and attractive year-round. Powered by the solar panel, this bird camera is so eco-friendly and energy-efficient , ensuring continuous operation without the need for frequent battery replacements.
- 🔔【Real-time Notification & One-touch Alarm】The Bird House with Camera can receive instant updates on your app once there are feathered visitors. One click to turn on the 2-way voice function, and dokoo bird feeder will immediately send an alarm to drive away squirrels that steal bird food.
- High-Speed Shooting: Capture 4K HD video of different bird wing vibration frequencies at up to 30 fps and 6X slow motion. Full-color night vision supports low-light shooting— an excellent entry-level choice of 4K bird whatching camera for video recording
- Stellar Image Quality: Camojojo's bird feeder camera with 8 megapixel sensor for superb 32PM image clarity and detail can capture bird images with colorful feathers. PIR responds quickly and automatically captures the image, which can achieve higher image quality when shooting fast-moving birds
- 24/7 Real-time View: Remote live streaming in 1080p HD via mobile APP to capture every bird detail. Compatible with both 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi, Hibird is a great starting point for users looking for a stable signal
- Smarter Bird Watching: Equipped with 1.5L large-capacity granary, customized birdsong sounds to attract different birds while also equipped with squirrel-repelling smart alarms. Support APP remote video, two-way voice communication, family member device sharing
- Advanced AI Recognition: AI recognizes up to 10,000 bird species and is constantly being updated. Equipped with AI Chatgpt assistant to let you know more about your bird friends! APP automatically classifies and collects bird images, family member device support sharing.
- 【Full Color Night Vision with 160° Wide-Angle】With 1080P resolution and a 160°wide angle of view, you can see the best images and colors during the day and night. Built-in Microphone, the integrated microphone lets you listen to the delightful sounds of birds chirping and singing in real-time.
- 【Motion Detection and Automatic Capture】Featuring motion detection, Know the status of the birds inside the birdhouse anytime, anywhere, Remind and watch bird via app. The camera automatically captures interesting photos and videos onto the storage card. We also include an extra 64GB storage card for added convenience.
- 【Protective, Comfortable, Design-Friendly】Easy to install on trees, walls, or poles with the included mounting backer kit (pole not included). Well-designed ventilation slots at the top and side create a comfortable and breathable living space for the young, providing a haven for your feathered friends.
- 【Eco-friendly All-Season Design】Made from natural wood , our birdhouse is environmentally friendly and built to withstand all seasons. The special coating guarantees durability while preserving the environment.
- 【Ideal Gift】This bird house equipped with a camera is the perfect present for bird lovers, offering a unique educational opportunity. Observe the complete bird nesting cycle from hatching to fledging as birds turn this birdhouse into their home.
- 🐦PIR automatic bird sensor: when a bird flies within 10m, the PIR motion sensor of the intelligent bird feeder will be triggered to automatically capture and save pictures or videos (set in advance according to requirements, memory card needs to be inserted), then the files can be transferred to a computer to view by transferring the memory card.
- 🐦Bird and Hummingbird Feeder - The Smart Bird Feeder comes with two different feeding troughs for a variety of choices. The transparent acrylic inner wall can hold 700ml of bird food, and the roof keeps the rain away from the birds, making it a great outdoor bird feeder (Size: 17.8 x 10.1 x 13.5 cm).
- 🐦Easy to Install: The smart bird feeder is easy to install and comes complete with accessories. You can use a strap or clamp to attach the bird feeder to a tree or other suitable location. A great little gift for nature bird lovers.
- 🐦Day and night: the intelligent bird feeder is equipped with 940 NM IR light, when the external environment is dark or night, the IR of the camera will turn on automatically and the saved photo or video will appear in black and white. During the day, 1080P HD full color images and videos, so you can see the birds all day long.
- 🐦Quality Design: The intelligent bird feeder is equipped with 100° wide angle lens, 1000mAh rechargeable lithium battery and low power consumption design, no activity is automatically detected. IP65 waterproof, can better protect bird feeders outdoors.
- Advanced AI Identify 10000+ Birds - Through the world's most advanced calculation method, Harymor smart bird feeder with camera can recognize 10000+ species of birds. After a paid subscription ($2.99/month) on Vicohome, can learn more about the identified birds. Whether you are a novice or a bird watcher yourself, it can help you better know birds in nature. Through the Harymor bird feeder camera, watch and enjoy your favorite birds and provide exciting wildlife education for all ages
- Receive Bird Arrival Notification - Are you still watching birds with binoculars? Harymor bird camera can auto-capture coming birds (like bluebirds, hummingbirds, etc.), record videos of birds entering the detection area, and your phone can receive instant notifications with high-resolution snapshots. The Harymor bird watch camera allows you to close up shoots full of character and provides the best experience to upgrade your birdwatching journey
- Designed for Observing and Feeding Birds - With a 120° wide-angle lens and 1080p pixels on Harymor motion-activated bird camera feeder, can clearly observe various visiting birds both day and night. Built-in 3X magnification captures close-up details, such as their colorful feathers. Equipped with a 2L large-capacity bird feeder, don’t need to replenish bird seed frequently. IP65 waterproof funnel design of Harymor video bird feeder also ensures that the birds can be eaten dry food
- For Bird Watching & Bird Lovers - Smart bird-watching camera can record videos and save them on the cloud (3-day of loop records, 2 years trial) or Memory Card (up to 128G, not included). The app of outdoor bird feeder can support multiple users and share lovely videos of birds on social media. It will strengthen communication between families, like our parents who always share the beautiful moments of birds
- Battery Powered & Dual Solar Panel - This bird house camera is equipped with a 5200mah battery, a 3W built-in solar panel, and a 3W external solar panel. Users no longer need to worry about frequent charging of the bird camera caused by multiple people using or frequent wake-up. Coupled with a 5dB external antenna, after the solar outdoor camera is connected to 2.4GHz WiFi (not support 5Ghz), you no longer have to worry about signal loss and miss the lovely moments of birds.
How We Test Bird Dog Camera?
We test bird dog camera by using it for a scene. Then we review the footage to see how it looks and feels. We also consider how easy or difficult it is to use bird dog camera. We want to make sure that the gear we recommend is high quality and will help you make great films. We’re always testing new gear and updating our reviews to help you find the best bird dog camera for your needs.
The Role Of Technology Gear In Filmmaking
There is no definitive answer to this question. Technology has both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to filmmaking. On the one hand, technological advances have made it possible to create increasingly complex and stunning visual effects. On the other hand, technology can also be a hindrance to filmmakers, as it can be difficult to control and often expensive. Ultimately, it is up to the individual filmmaker to decide how to use technology in their work. Some directors embrace new technologies wholeheartedly, while others prefer to keep things more old-fashioned. There is no right or wrong answer – it all comes down to personal preference.
Some of the advantages of using technology in filmmaking include:
- Increased control over the final product: Technology allows filmmakers more control over their work, as they can now create exactly the effect they are looking for.
- Greater flexibility: Technology also gives filmmakers greater flexibility in shooting and editing their films. They can now experiment with different techniques and methods without worrying about the cost or the time involved.
- Improved quality: Technology has also led to an improvement in the overall quality of films. With more sophisticated equipment and software, filmmakers can now create better-looking and sounding films.
- Increased audience engagement: Technology can also help to engage audiences more with films. For example, interactive features such as virtual reality can immerse viewers in the film world and make them feel more connected to the characters and story.
Some of the disadvantages of using technology in filmmaking include:
- Cost: One of the biggest disadvantages of using technology in filmmaking is the cost. New equipment and software can be very expensive and often need to be updated regularly.
- Time-consuming: Technology can also be time-consuming, as filmmakers often need to spend hours learning how to use new software or equipment.
- Difficult to control: Another downside of technology is that it can be difficult to control. This is especially true of complex visual effects, which can often go wrong if they are not managed correctly.
- Can be disruptive: Technology can also be disruptive on set, as it can sometimes be difficult to keep track of all the elements that need to be managed.
There are a number of benefits to using bird dog camera, whether it is for amateur or professional use. bird dog camera will bring you some of the top benefits. Of course, it is important to remember that you don’t need the most expensive gear to produce good results – it is more important to know how to use what you have to its fullest potential. Nevertheless, if you can afford it, investing in some quality gear will definitely pay off in the long run.
About Cameras- Thing Should You Know Before Purchase Bird Dog Camera
Cameras are an important part of filmmaking. DSLRs are popular for filmmakers because they offer great image quality and manual controls. However, there are other types of cameras that can be used for filmmaking, such as cinema and action cameras.
Cinema cameras are designed for professional filmmakers and offer the best image quality. They are usually more expensive than DSLRs, but they offer filmmakers’ features, such as 4K video, higher frame rates, and better low-light performance.
Action cameras are designed for capturing action and adventure sports. They are small and lightweight, making them easy to carry when you’re on the go. Action cameras also typically have features that make them easy to use, such as built-in stabilisation and wide-angle lenses.
When choosing a camera for filmmaking, it’s important to consider your needs and budget. DSLRs are a great option for many filmmakers, but if you need the best image quality or want to shoot in 4K, then you’ll need a cinema camera. Action cameras are also a good option if you’re looking for something small and lightweight that you can take with you on your adventures.
A film camera is a camera that uses light-sensitive film to capture images. The images are then developed using photographic chemicals, resulting in a negative or positive image. Film cameras have been used for over a century and are still popular among photography enthusiasts.
What Are The Criteria For The Selection Of A Bird Dog Camera?
There are a number of factors that we consider when selecting a bird dog camera. One of the most important criteria is how well the product performs in tests, while others are selected based on how they perform in real-world scenarios. We also look at the price of the product, as well as its availability. Another important factor is whether the bird dog camera is environmentally friendly. We select products that meet our high standards for quality and performance.
Testing is important to ensure that products work as intended. In order to test these products, we use a variety of methods. One method is to test the product in a simulated environment. For example, we might test a product’s ability to withstand high temperatures by using it in a sauna. We might also test its ability to resist water damage by taking it out in the rain, etc.
How To Choose The Best Bird Dog Camera?
When choosing the best bird dog camera, it is important to look at a variety of factors. The most important criteria are how well the product performs in tests and how environmentally friendly it is. Other important factors include the price and availability of the product. Other important factors include the price and availability of the product. You should also consider whether the product is durable and easy to use. When looking at all of these factors, you can make the best decision for your needs.
- Consider feature and performance of bird dog camera
- Consider about price, especially if it’s a luxury item
- Consider whether it’s readily available or needs to be special ordered
- Check out the bird dog camera reviews
- Is a bird dog camera necessary?
- What can you use instead of a bird dog camera?
- Is the bird dog camera environmentally friendly?
- Brand Repute
- Personal Preferences
- Resale
The best bird dog camera for you is the one that meets your needs and fits your budget. Consider all the factors before making a decision to ensure you are getting the best product for your needs.
It’s a great idea to consider other people when buying something because it can save you money and help you avoid wasting your hard-earned cash on an item that doesn’t work. Before making any purchases, always ask yourself these questions: “What will this decision cost me?” or “How much time does this purchase need from my life”? You should also consult those close by – friends who have similar tastes as yours may provide insight into whether they would want something too.
Should You Buy Bird Dog Camera Online Or in A Physical Store?
There are a number of reasons you should buy bird dog camera on the e-commerce market. Some of the benefits include:
-A wide selection of bird dog camera to choose from
-Easy returns and refunds
-Fast, free shipping on many items
-Access to Prime memberships
-Save your time
It offers a wide selection of bird dog camera, which means you can find what you’re looking for. The return process is easy, and you can get a refund if you’re unsatisfied with a product. Shipping is fast and free on many items, and you can also access Prime memberships. All of these factors make the e-commerce market a great place to shop.
When buying a product at a physical store, you can often get help from a salesperson if you have questions or need assistance. You can also see the product in person before making a purchase.
7 Tips For Buying Bird Dog Camera Online Safely
The holidays are just around the corner, and with them come traditional headaches on how to buy the best bird dog camera. Shops filled with endless queues or a lack of time can make it difficult to find affordable ones that will be useful enough! Luckily there’s an easier way – shopping online, where you get access 24/7 without having to go out.
Do Your Research
Before you make a purchase online, be sure to do your research and read reviews to learn about the product and the seller. Only buy from reputable websites that you trust.
Use a Credit Card
When making a purchase online, use a credit card instead of a debit card. This way, you can dispute any unauthorized charges made to your card.
Beware of Fake Websites
When you are on a website you are about to purchase from, be sure to look at the URL. If it starts with https://, this means the site is secure, and your information will be encrypted.
Check the Seller’s Rating and Reviews
Before buying bird dog camera, be sure to check the seller’s rating and read reviews to learn about their products and service. Only buy from sellers with high ratings and positive reviews.
Make Sure the Site Uses Encryption Technology
When purchasing online, only buy from websites that use encryption technology. This will ensure that your information is safe and secure.
Read the Terms and Conditions Before You Buy
Before making a purchase, be sure to read the terms and conditions of the website. This will help you understand the seller’s return policy and any other policies that may apply to your purchase.
Keep your Computer Protected with Anti-virus Software
Make sure to keep your computer protected with anti-virus software to help prevent any malware or viruses from infecting your system.
The convenience here is amazing because now anyone who needs something quick anytime, anywhere has easy accessibility while still being able to compare prices from different websites. You can get the best bird dog camera much simpler than ever before!
Bottom Line about Bird Dog Camera
When you purchase bird dog camera, it’s important to consider whether or not the item will actually serve its purpose. Sometimes we may think that an acquisition is necessary when really there are other options available at a lower cost, which would suffice just as well with no loss in value–reviewing these alternatives beforehand can help avoid wasting money on unnecessary purchases later down the line.
You won’t want to miss out on this! Visit us now and find the perfect product for your needs.